🌳 DEFORESTATION & FOREST DISTRIBUTION 🌳
MCQ Assessment - 50 Questions
IRRIGATED PLANTATIONS (ARTIFICIAL FORESTS)
1. What are irrigated plantations?
Natural forests that grow near rivers
Artificial forests grown by humans
Forests that only grow in mountains
Forests that grow without water
2. What is the name of Pakistan's first irrigated forest?
Margalla Hills
Changa Manga
Ziarat Forest
Tarbela Forest
3. When was Changa Manga forest started?
1947
1866
1920
1800
4. Which is the most important tree species in irrigated plantations?
Deodar
Fir
Shisham
Oak
5. In which province are most of Pakistan's plantation forests located?
Sindh
Balochistan
Punjab
KPK
DISTRIBUTION OF FORESTS IN PAKISTAN
6. Which province has the highest percentage of Pakistan's forests?
Punjab
KPK (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
Sindh
Balochistan
7. What percentage of Pakistan's forests are in KPK?
50%
60%
80%
90%
8. Which province has the LOWEST forest cover in Pakistan?
Punjab
Sindh
Balochistan
KPK
9. What percentage of forests does Balochistan have?
9.5%
4.8%
0.4%
2.0%
10. Why does KPK have 80% of Pakistan's forests?
It is the largest province
Northern mountains get high rainfall and have good conditions
Government planted more trees there
It has the most irrigated plantations
11. Why does Balochistan have the lowest forest cover?
Too much rainfall
Driest province with desert conditions
Too many people cutting trees
No mountains
FACTORS AFFECTING FOREST DISTRIBUTION
12. What percentage of Pakistan is arid (very dry)?
Just under 50%
35%
60%
20%
13. What is the altitude range best for coniferous forests?
Below 1,000 meters
1,000m to 4,000m
Above 4,000 meters
500m to 1,000m
14. What is the tree line in Pakistan?
The height above which trees cannot grow (around 4,000m)
The border between two provinces
A type of forest
A river flowing through forests
15. Why can't trees grow above the tree line?
Too much rain
Too cold, soil freezes, strong winds
No sunlight
Too many animals
16. Why are coniferous trees able to survive in cold mountain areas?
They are deciduous
They are evergreen with needle-shaped leaves and little sap
They need very little water
They grow very fast
DEFORESTATION IN PAKISTAN
17. What is deforestation?
Planting new trees
Permanent removal of forest to use land for something else
Natural forest fires
Growing forests on new land
18. What is Pakistan's annual deforestation rate?
Around 2%
5%
10%
0.5%
19. What percentage of Pakistan was forested at independence in 1947?
10%
Around 30%
50%
20%
20. Why do people in northern mountains cut trees for firewood?
For export
For heating and cooking - main energy source
To clear land for farming only
For making furniture
CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION
21. What happens when there is overgrazing by livestock in forests?
Trees grow faster
Animals eat young tree shoots, preventing regeneration
Soil becomes more fertile
More rainfall occurs
22. How do dams cause deforestation?
They provide water for forests
Large areas of forest are flooded for reservoirs
They prevent soil erosion
They create new forests
23. What is open-cast mining?
Mining deep underground
Digging large holes in ground, removing all trees and soil
Mining in forests without cutting trees
Mining only minerals
24. How does urbanization cause deforestation?
Cities plant more trees
Coastal mangrove forests removed as cities expand
People move to forests
More rain falls
25. Which of the following is a cause of deforestation?
Afforestation programs
Illegal logging
Tree planting campaigns
Forest protection laws
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION
26. What is siltation in reservoirs?
Water becoming cleaner
Sediment filling reservoirs, reducing water storage capacity
Building new dams
Planting trees near dams
27. How do tree roots help prevent soil erosion?
They attract more rain
They hold soil together like a net (cohesion)
They make soil dry
They stop all wind
28. What is humus and how does it help soil?
A type of rock that breaks soil
Decomposed leaves that make soil cohesive (sticky)
A chemical fertilizer
Water from trees
29. How does the forest canopy protect soil?
Blocks all sunlight
Intercepts rainfall so rain doesn't hit soil with force
Stops all water from reaching ground
Creates more wind
30. What happens to soil when forests are removed?
Soil becomes more fertile
Soil becomes loose and easily washed or blown away
Soil becomes harder
More water is stored in soil
31. Why is soil erosion worse in mountain regions after deforestation?
Mountains have more trees
Steep slopes and fast run-off give water more erosive power
Mountains get less rain
Soil is harder in mountains
32. What are landslides?
Trees falling naturally
Steep slopes becoming unstable and collapsing
Rivers changing course
Snow melting
33. How does deforestation cause increased flooding?
More rain falls
Without trees to absorb water, rain runs quickly into rivers
Rivers become smaller
Dams break
34. How does deforestation contribute to climate change?
It cools the Earth
Less COâ‚‚ absorbed, increasing greenhouse gases
More oxygen is produced
It has no effect on climate
35. How do forests affect local rainfall?
They stop all rain
Trees release water through transpiration, forming clouds and rain
They absorb all water
They have no effect on rainfall
EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION ON PEOPLE
36. What is biodiversity?
Number of people in an area
Variety of different species of animals and plants
Type of soil
Amount of rainfall
37. How does deforestation affect wildlife?
Animals have more space
Animals lose habitat and many species disappear
More animals migrate to the area
No effect on wildlife
38. How does deforestation affect tourism?
Tourism increases
Less attractive landscape means tourism decreases
No change in tourism
More tourists visit cities
39. How does deforestation affect air quality?
Air becomes cleaner
More air pollution - fewer trees to clean air, more dust and COâ‚‚
No change in air quality
More oxygen in air
DEFORESTATION AND SOIL EROSION
40. What is infiltration?
Water evaporating
Water soaking into soil
Water running on surface
Trees absorbing water
41. What is run-off?
Water stored in soil
Water flowing over the surface instead of soaking in
Underground water
Rain falling from clouds
42. How do tree roots encourage infiltration?
They block all water
They create channels in soil for water to enter
They make soil harder
They absorb all water
43. What happens when there is increased run-off?
Soil becomes more fertile
Water carries soil away causing erosion
More water is stored
Plants grow better
44. Which TWO dams were mentioned as examples of losing capacity due to siltation?
Warsak and Mirani
Tarbela and Mangla
Bhasha and Kalabagh
Hub and Simly
45. What type of erosion occurs in dry areas without trees?
Only water erosion
Wind erosion and water erosion
No erosion
Only ice erosion
GENERAL REVIEW QUESTIONS
46. How many irrigated forests were there in Punjab by 1947?
5
10
15
20
47. What percentage of Pakistan is semi-arid?
50%
35%
20%
60%
48. Below what altitude can deciduous trees outcompete conifers?
Below 500m
Below 1,000m
Below 2,000m
Below 4,000m
49. What is the main benefit of irrigated plantations?
They provide habitat for wildlife only
Fast-growing trees that reduce pressure on natural forests
They increase rainfall
They are natural forests
50. Which specific areas in Pakistan show deforestation according to Figure 2.2.4?
Only coastal areas
Sulaiman Range, Safed Koh, Potwar Plateau, Salt Range
Only cities
Only northern mountains
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